ABSTRACT
Pneumomediastinum (PM) is defined as having free air in the mediastinum. The term pneumorrachis (PR) defines the presence of air in the spinal canal. There are few cases previously reported in the literature. In this study, we present a 4-year-old boy who developed subcutaneous emphysema during the cough attack due to severe viral respiratory tract infection and who had a PR with PM in the radiological examination and discuss with the related literature.
Keywords:
Pneumomediastinum, pneumorrachis, emphysema
References
1
Laennec RTH, Ramadge FH, Laennec M, Andral G. A Treatise on Mediate Auscultation, and on diseases of the lungs and heart: H. Bailliere...; Paris: JB Bailliere; 1846.
2
Carolan PL, Wright SL, Jha V. Spontaneous pneumorrhachis. Pediatric emergency care. 2013;29:508-9.
3
Hamman L. Spontaneous mediastinal emphysema. Bull John Hoskins Hosp. 1939;64:1-21.
4
Halperin AK, Deichmann RE. Spontaneous pneumomediastinum: a report of 10 cases and review of the literature. N C Med J. 1985;46:21-3.
5
Zylak CM, Standen JR, Barnes GR, Zylak CJ. Pneumomediastinum revisited. Radiographics. 2000;20:1043-57.
6
Kono T, Kuwashima S, Fujioka M, Kobayashi C, Koike K, et al. Epidural air associated with spontaneous pneumomediastinum in children: uncommon complication? Pediatr Int. 2007;49:923-7.
7
Gasser CR-B, Pellaton R, Rochat CP. Pediatric spontaneous pneumomediastinum: narrative literature review. Pediatr Emerg Care. 2017;33:370-4.
8
Damore DT, Dayan PS. Medical causes of pneumomediastinum in children. Clinical pediatrics. 2001;40:87-91.
9
Wong K-s, Wu H-M, Lai S-H, Chiu C-Y. Spontaneous pneumomediastinum: analysis of 87 pediatric patients. Pediatr Emerg Care. 2013;29:988-91.
10
Castellote A, Vázquez E, Vera J, Piqueras J, Lucaya J, Garcia-Peña P, et al. Cervicothoracic lesions in infants and children. Radiographics. 1999;19:583-600.
11
Emiralioğlu N, Ozcan HN, Oğuz B, Yalçın E, Doğru D, et al. Pneumomediastinum, pneumorrhachis and subcutaneous emphysema associated with viral infections: Report of three cases. Pediatr Int. 2015;57:1038-40.
12
Krupik D, Kassis I, Steiner IP, Bressan S, Shavit I. Air in the spinal canal associated with cardiopulmonary resuscitation in an infant. CJEM. 2013;15:6-7.
13
Oertel MF, Korinth MC, Reinges MH, Krings T, Terbeck S, et al. Pathogenesis, diagnosis and management of pneumorrhachis. Eur Spine J. 2006;15:636-43.