Öz
Giriş
Çocuk acil serviste (ÇAS) çocukların kan alma işlemleri sırasında ebeveynlerin yaşadığı stres ve kaygı, çocuğun tıbbi durumu, prosedürlere aşina olmama, sağlık çalışanlarıyla etkileşimler ve ebeveynlerin bilgi eksiklikleri gibi bir dizi faktörün karmaşık etkileşimiyle şekillenir. Bu çalışma, ÇAS’te çocuklarına kan alma işlemi yapılan ebeveynlerin durumluk ve sürekli kaygı düzeylerini belirlemeyi ve bu kaygı düzeylerini etkileyen faktörleri incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır.
Yöntemler
Tanımlayıcı kesitsel tipteki bu çalışma, Türkiye’nin güneydoğusunda bulunan üçüncü basamak bir hastanenin ÇAS’te gerçekleştirilmiştir. Veriler, sosyo-demografik bilgiler formu ve durumluk-sürekli kaygı envanterini içeren bir anket kullanılarak 180 ebeveynden toplanmıştır. Veriler 6 Ocak 2025 ile 20 Şubat 2025 tarihleri arasında toplanmıştır. Veriler, Windows için IBM SPSS istatistik, sürüm 22.0 kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir.
Bulgular
Ebeveynler orta düzeyde kaygı yaşamış olup, durumluk kaygı puanları ortalama 41,494±10,322 ve sürekli kaygı puanları ortalama 39,189±9,370 olarak bulunmuştur. Anneler, babalara kıyasla anlamlı derecede daha yüksek sürekli kaygı düzeyleri bildirmiştir (41,944±9,012’ye karşı 35,056±8,371, p<0,001). Daha düşük anne eğitim düzeyi, çalışmama durumu ve daha düşük gelir, daha yüksek sürekli kaygı ile ilişkilendirilmiştir. Çocuğunun hastalığı hakkında eğitim alan ebeveynlerin kaygı düzeyleri anlamlı derecede daha düşük bulunmuştur (p<0,05). Sağlık çalışanlarıyla iletişim ve bilgi sağlama konusundaki memnuniyet de azalmış kaygı ile ilişkilendirilmiştir.
Sonuç
Bu çalışma, özellikle anneler ve düşük sosyo-ekonomik statüye sahip olanlar arasında, pediatrik kan alma işlemleri sırasında ebeveynlerin yaşadığı önemli kaygıyı ortaya koymaktadır. Eğitim desteği sağlamak ve sağlık çalışanları ile ebeveynler arasındaki iletişimi iyileştirmek, ebeveynlerin kaygısını hafifletmeye yardımcı olabilir. Bu bulgular, ÇAS ortamlarında ebeveynleri desteklemek için gerekli müdahalelere duyulan ihtiyacı vurgulamaktadır.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Durumluk kaygı, sürekli kaygı, ebeveyn, çocuk, kan alma, çocuk acil servisi
Kaynakça
Zdun-Ryżewska A, Nadrowska N, Błażek M, Białek K, Zach E, et al. Parent’s stress predictors during a child’s hospitalization. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18:12019.
Bonichini S, Axia G, Bornstein MH. Validation of the parent health locus of control scales in an Italian sample. Ital J Pediatr. 2009;35:13.
Neugebauer C, Mastergeorge AM. The family stress model in the context of pediatric cancer: a systematic review. J. Child Fam. Stud. 2021;30:1099-122.
Terp K, Weis J, Lundqvist P. Parents’ views of family-centered care at a pediatric intensive care unit-a qualitative study. Front Pediatr. 2021;9:725040.
Roberts SD, Kazazian V, Ford MK, Marini D, Miller SP, et al. The association between parent stress, coping and mental health, and neurodevelopmental outcomes of infants with congenital heart disease. Clin Neuropsychol. 2021;35:948-72.
Rollins J. The hospital experience. In: Sonke J, Rollins J, (eds). ‘Purpose-built’ art in hospitals: art with intent. Bingley, UK: Emerald Publishing Limited; 2021:17-28.
Robinson PS, Green J. Ambient versus traditional environment in pediatric emergency department. HERD. 2015;8:71-80.
Bozlu G, Kuyucu N. Poisoning cases who admitted to the pediatrics emergency unit in the last five years: evaluation of 1734 cases. Bull Leg Med. 2018;23:106-9.
Günay A, Uğurlu Z, Ceylan A, Ayten N. A retrospective investigation of poisoning cases presented to the pediatric emergency department of Başkent University Ankara Hospital between 2012 and 2017. J Pediatr Emerg Intensive Care Med. 2019;6:13-7.
Butun A, Lynn F, McGaughey J, McLaughlin K, Linden M. Exploring attendance at emergency departments for children with non-urgent conditions in Turkey: a qualitative study of parents and healthcare staff perspectives. Emerg Crit Care Med. 2022;2:50-60.
Butun A, Linden M, Lynn F, McGaughey J. Exploring parents’ reasons for attending the emergency department for children with minor illnesses: a mixed methods systematic review. Emerg Med J. 2019;36:39-46.
Butun A, Hemingway P. A qualitative systematic review of the reasons for parental attendance at the emergency department with children presenting with minor illness. Int Emerg Nurs. 2018;36:56-62.
Battal F, Yıldırım V. Factors affecting anxiety level in adolescents presenting to emergency department. J Pediatr Emerg Intensive Care Med. 2019;6:66-71.
Fidancı İ, Taşar MA, Karasu N. Evaluation of anxiety levels of parents of patients admitted to the pediatric emergency service with a fever complaint of the period of COVID-19 pandemic. AEAHTD. 2021;54:172-6.
Akpinar A, Taş Y. Relationship between level of burnout and job satisfaction in emergency department personnel. Turk J Emerg Med. 2011;11:161-5.
Temizkan RC, Engin MMN, Büyük N, Kiliçaslan Ö, Cangür Ş, et al. Evaluation of 112 emergency health servıce staff working conditions, complaints and expectations and attitudes related to the pediatric emergency department. KSUTFD. 2019;14:114-8.
Lamparyk K, Mahajan L, Debeljak A, Steffen R. Anxiety associated with high-resolution anorectal manometry in pediatric patients and parents. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2017;65:e98-e100.
Tsao JCI, Lü Q, Myers CD, Kim SC, Turk N, et al. Parent and child anxiety sensitivity: relationship to children’s experimental pain responsivity. Journal of Pain. 2006;7:319-26.
Smith RW, Shah V, Goldman RD, Taddio A. Caregivers’ responses to pain in their children in the emergency department. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2007;161:578-82.
Thastum M, Beyer M, Charles AV. Families coping with the forensic anogenital colposcopic examination. Scand J Forensic Sci. 2014;20:13-9.
Cohen J. Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences: 2nd ed. New York, NY: Routledge; 2013.
Spielberger CD, Gonzalez-Reigosa F, Martinez-Urrutia A, Natalicio LF, Natalicio DS. The state-trait anxiety inventory. Interam J Psychol. 1971;5.
Öner N, LeCompte A. State-trait anxiety inventory manual. 2nd ed. Istanbul: Boğaziçi University Press; 1985.
Türkoğlu N, Baysal H, Küçükoğlu S. Comparison of postpartum depression levels of mothers with healthy and sick baby. Cumhuriyet Nursing Journal. 2014;3:1-8.
Hansen BW. A randomized controlled trial on the effect of an information booklet for young families in Denmark. Patient Educ Couns. 1990;16:147-50.
Thawkar A, Maurya A. To assess the level of anxiety of parents regarding invasive procedures among hospitalized children. J Pharm Res Int. 2021:494-501.
Meng J, Wu J, Zhang X, Guo L, Li H. A longitudinal evaluation on 3-year change of anxiety and depression, and their risk factors among parents of childhood and adolescence patients with resectable osteosarcoma: a cohort study. Medicine (Baltimore). 2022;101:e30981.
Embong H, Ting CY, Ramli M, Harunarashid H. Heightened anxiety state among parents of sick children attending emergency department using state-trait anxiety inventory. HKJEM. 2020;27:65-70.
Halldorsson B, Draisey J, Cooper P, Creswell C. Symptoms of social anxiety, depression, and stress in parents of children with social anxiety disorder. Br J Clin Psychol. 2018;57:148-62.
Missler M, Beijers R, Denissen J, Van Straten A. Effectiveness of a psycho-educational intervention to prevent postpartum parental distress and enhance infant well-being: study protocol of a randomized controlled trial. Trials. 2018;19:1-12.
Yücel E, Yılmazbaş NP, Erbilgin S, Terzi Ö, Özçeker D. Evaluation of anxiety and caregiver burden in the mothers of 0-2-year-old children with food allergy. Evaluation. 2022;10:8-14.
Akdağ M, Bysal ZY, Atli A, Samancı B, Topçu İ. A multi-centric prospective study: anxiety and associated factors among parents of children undergoing mild surgery in ENT. JCEI. 2014;5:206-10.
Lindhout IE, Markus MT, Hoogendijk THG, Borst S, Maingay R, et al. Childrearing style of anxiety-disordered parents. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev. 2006;37:89-102.
Bayri Bingol F, Demirgöz Bal M. Factors affecting postpartum maternal anxiety and bonding. STED. 2021;30:60-8.
Aygüneş U, Karagün B, Baş HN, Şaşmaz Hİ, Dağ H, et al. Evaluation of anxiety burden among parents of pediatric hematology and oncology patients. Kocatepe Medical Journal. 2023;24:77-82.
Uytun MÇ, Çetin FH, Yılmaz R, Uytun S, Babadağı Z, et al. Psychiatric problems and its contributing factors in children and adolescents with hemophilia: a single centre study in a Turkish sample. Egyptian Pediatric Association Gazette. 2020;68.
Orchard F, Cooper PJ, Phil D, Creswell C. Interpretation and expectations among mothers of children with anxiety disorders: associations with maternal anxiety disorder. Depress Anxiety. 2015;32:99-107.
Sarapat P, Fongkaew W, Jintrawet U, Mesukko J, Ray L. Perceptions and practices of parents in caring for their hospitalized preterm infants. PRIJNR. 2017;21:220-33.
Porat-Zyman G, Taubman-Ben-Ari O, Spielman V. Dyadic transition to parenthood: a longitudinal assessment of personal growth among parents of pre- and full-term infants. Stress Health. 2017;33:24-34.
McCarthy E, Guerin S. Family-centred care in early intervention: a systematic review of the processes and outcomes of family-centred care and impacting factors. Child Care Health Dev. 2022;48:1-32.
